{"id":13622,"date":"2019-04-28T16:20:24","date_gmt":"2019-04-28T15:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/?page_id=13622"},"modified":"2019-05-01T16:25:52","modified_gmt":"2019-05-01T15:25:52","slug":"jak-se-deli-oceanie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/jak-se-deli-oceanie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak se d\u011bl\u00ed OCE\u00c1NIE ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed Oce\u00e1nie, je krapet komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. K lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 prostudovat nejednu mapu. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 mapa a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed neboli politick\u00e1 mapa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">ZEM\u011aPISN\u00c1 MAPA OCE\u00c1NIE:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Oce\u00e1nie-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Oce\u00e1nie-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Oce\u00e1nie-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Oce\u00e1nie-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Oce\u00e1nie-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center\">KULTURN\u00cd ROZD\u011aLEN\u00cd OCE\u00c1NIE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/800px-pacific_culture_areas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/800px-pacific_culture_areas.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/800px-pacific_culture_areas-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/800px-pacific_culture_areas-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/800px-pacific_culture_areas-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oce\u00e1nie<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorem tohoto velmi p\u011bkn\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed a popisu  OCE\u00c1NIE je <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Petr Daubner (otev\u0159e se na nov\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017ece)\" href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/oceanie\/\" target=\"_blank\">Petr Daubner<\/a> . Informace o Havaji jsem samoz\u0159ejm\u011b doplnil j\u00e1, ale od toho je zde na webu jin\u00e1 rubrika \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#oce\u00e1nie\">1\u00a0Oce\u00e1nie \u2013 \u00favod (8)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Novy-Zeland-(9)\">2\u00a0Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land (9)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Melan\u00e9sie-(10)\">3\u00a0Melan\u00e9sie (10)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Papua-\u2013-Nov\u00e1-Guinea\">3.1\u00a0Papua \u2013 Nov\u00e1 Guinea<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\u0160alomounovy-ostrovy---(anglicky-Solomon-Islands)\">3.2\u00a0\u0160alomounovy ostrovy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(anglicky Solomon Islands)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Vanuatu\">3.3\u00a0Vanuatu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Fid\u017ei\">3.4\u00a0Fid\u017ei<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nov\u00e1-Kaledonie\">3.5\u00a0Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie (Francie)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/oceanie\/#Mikronesie_11\">4\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"#Mikron\u00e9sie\">Mikron\u00e9sie <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/oceanie\/#Mikronesie_11\">(11)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Palau\">4.1\u00a0Palau<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Mikronesie\">4.2\u00a0Mikron\u00e9sie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Nauru\">4.3\u00a0Nauru<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Marshallovy_ostrovy\">4.4\u00a0Marshallovy ostrovy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Kiribati\">4.5\u00a0Kiribati<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Severn\u00ed Mariany\">4.6\u00a0Severn\u00ed Mariany (USA)\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 Northern Mariana Islands<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Guam\">4.7\u00a0Guam (USA)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#Polyn\u00e9sie\">5\u00a0Polyn\u00e9sie (12)<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#Samoa\">5.1\u00a0Samoa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tuvalu\ufeff\">5.2\u00a0Tuvalu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Tonga\">5.3\u00a0Tonga<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Hawaii\">5.4\u00a0Hawaii (Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy) \u2013 USA<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov\">5.5\u00a0Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov \u2013 Chile<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Americk\u00e1 Samoa\">5.6\u00a0Americk\u00e1 Samoa (USA)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Francouzsk\u00e1 Polyn\u00e9sie\">5.7\u00a0Francouzsk\u00e1 Polyn\u00e9sie (Francie)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Pitcairnovy ostrovy\">5.8\u00a0Pitcairnovy ostrovy (Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Midway (USA)\">5.9\u00a0Midway (USA)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"oce\u00e1nie\"><strong>Oce\u00e1nie \u2013 \u00favod (8)<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Oce\u00e1nie zahrnuje v\u011bt\u0161inu ostrov\u016f v&nbsp;Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu (krom\u011b Japonska, Filip\u00edn a v\u011bt\u0161iny Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 to u\u017e je Asie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Oce\u00e1nii tvo\u0159\u00ed&nbsp;t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed skupiny ostrov\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Melan\u00e9sie<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 \u201e\u010dern\u00e9\u201c ostrovy, australoidn\u00ed obyvatelstvo.<\/li><li><strong>Mikron\u00e9sie<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 \u201edrobn\u00e9 ostrovy\u201c.<\/li><li><strong>Polyn\u00e9sie<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 \u201emnoho ostrov\u016f\u201c. Do Polyn\u00e9sie se \u0159ad\u00ed i Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, jeho\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatelstvo (Maorov\u00e9) je polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u016fvod ostrov\u016f v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 byly kdysi sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kontinentu. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrovy \u2013 Nov\u00e1 Guinea, Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land, Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie a Tasm\u00e1nie.<\/li><li><strong>Sope\u010dn\u00e9 ostrovy<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 men\u0161\u00ed vysok\u00e9 ostrovy, tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasto vrcholy podmo\u0159sk\u00fdch sopek. Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hory na zem\u011bkouli), Tahiti\u2026<\/li><li><strong>Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 ostrovy (atoly)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 jejich vznik vysv\u011btluje Darwinova teorie vzniku atol\u016f (pokles podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 sopky \u2192 kor\u00e1li stav\u011bj\u00ed \u00fates do v\u00fd\u0161ky\u2026). Proto maj\u00ed atoly v\u011bt\u0161inou tvar prstence. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed klasick\u00fd atol na sv\u011bt\u011b je Kiritimati (V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ostrov) ve st\u00e1t\u011b Kiribati (rozloha 323 km<sup>2<\/sup>). Ostrov samotn\u00fd x laguna \u2013 rozd\u00edl!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Speci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem jsou&nbsp;<strong>vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 atoly<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 dojde op\u011bt k&nbsp;v\u00fdzdvihu atolu. B\u00fdval\u00e1 laguna se zanese sedimenty. V\u00fdsledkem je naho\u0159e ploch\u00fd ostrov, s&nbsp;vysok\u00fdmi sr\u00e1zy u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed (\u0159\u00e1dov\u011b des\u00edtky metr\u016f).&nbsp;P\u0159\u00edklady vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch atol\u016f&nbsp;\u2013 Henderson, Lifou (\u00celes Loyaut\u00e9, Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie \u2013 rozloha 1146 km<sup>2<\/sup>, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd atol na sv\u011bt\u011b!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kor\u00e1li ov\u0161em stav\u011bj\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00fd \u00fates (reef) i kolem sope\u010dn\u00fdch a kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch ostrov\u016f. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny ostrovy v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii, s&nbsp;v\u00fdjimkou Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu a Tasm\u00e1nie, le\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;tropick\u00e9m p\u00e1su. Vysok\u00fd \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek. Pro hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii je typick\u00fd turistick\u00fd ruch, rybolov, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kokosov\u00e9 palmy, n\u011bkde i nerostn\u00e9 suroviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Novy-Zeland-(9)\"><strong>Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land (9)<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha:<\/strong>&nbsp;270 000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>4 miliony<\/strong>&nbsp;(CIA 2014 \u2013 4.4 mil.)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/cesta-kolem-sveta-mapa-clanku\/cestovatel-petr-daubner\/\"><strong>Wellington<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;(180000 obyvatel, 3. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto NZ, v&nbsp;aglomeraci v\u0161ak skoro 400000).<\/li><li><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bst<\/strong>a:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/destivy-predvanocni-auckland-aneb-dnes-neumirej\/\"><strong>Auckland<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;(\u00fa\u0159edn\u011b 360000, aglomerace 1 milion) \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto NZ,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/christchurch-v-nebezpecne-zone\/\">Christchurch<\/a>&nbsp;(340000) \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto Ji\u017en\u00edho ostrova.<\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky<\/strong>: angli\u010dtina, maor\u0161tina<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie, hlavou st\u00e1tu je britsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna Al\u017eb\u011bta II., zastoupen\u00e1 gener\u00e1ln\u00edm guvern\u00e9rem. Velk\u00fd vliv \u017een v&nbsp;politice!<\/li><li><strong>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pom\u011bry:&nbsp;<\/strong>NZ se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou velk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f \u2013 Severn\u00edho a Ji\u017en\u00edho:<ul><li><strong>Ji\u017en\u00ed ostrov:<\/strong>&nbsp;sever ostrova le\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v&nbsp;subtropech, jih u\u017e je v&nbsp;m\u00edrn\u00e9m p\u00e1su. Ji\u017en\u00ed ostrov je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b obydlen\u00fd ne\u017e Severn\u00ed ostrov. Poho\u0159\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>Ji\u017en\u00ed Alpy<\/strong>&nbsp;(zde le\u017e\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora NZ&nbsp;<strong>Mount Cook<\/strong>&nbsp;3764 m.n.m.). Mnoho ledovc\u016f (jejich celkov\u00e1 rozloha asi 1000 km<sup>2<\/sup>) a fjord\u016f (nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je Milford Sound). Nad fjordem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/milford-sound-a-np-fiordland\/\"><strong>Milford Sound<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;le\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jeden z&nbsp;nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodop\u00e1d\u016f Oce\u00e1nie, Sutherland (v\u00fd\u0161ka 579 metr\u016f). V&nbsp;t\u00e9to oblasti jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky&nbsp;(Milford Sound \u2013 6749 mm sr\u00e1\u017eek ro\u010dn\u011b!),&nbsp;proto jsou tu i v&nbsp;m\u00edrn\u00e9m p\u00e1su de\u0161tn\u00e9 pralesy.<\/li><li><strong>Severn\u00ed ostrov:<\/strong>&nbsp;le\u017e\u00ed cel\u00fd v&nbsp;subtropick\u00e9m p\u00e1su. Hory jsou tu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, zato je tu mnoho \u010dinn\u00fdch sopek, term\u00e1ln\u00edch pramen\u016f a gejz\u00edr\u016f. Le\u017e\u00ed zde tak\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jezero Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/jezero-taupo\/\"><strong>Taupo&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a>(kr\u00e1terov\u00e9 jezero).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u017divo\u010di\u0161stvo NZ:<\/strong>&nbsp;ne\u017eij\u00ed zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed jedovat\u00ed hadi ani pavouci, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed drav\u00e9 \u0161elmy. Papou\u0161ci kea a kakapo, nel\u00e9tav\u00fd pt\u00e1k&nbsp;<strong>kiwi<\/strong>. D\u0159\u00edve tu \u017eili pt\u00e1ci moa&nbsp;(v\u00fd\u0161ka a\u017e t\u0159i metry, hmotnost a\u017e 250 kg, vybiti Maory asi kolem roku 1500).<\/li><li><strong>Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Novoz\u00e9lan\u010fan<\/strong>: Edmund Hillary (\u017eil 1919-2008; roku 1953&nbsp;stanul jako&nbsp;prvn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk na Mount Everestu, byl i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pol\u00e1rn\u00edkem)<\/li><li><strong>Obyvatelstvo, st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ekonomika NZ<\/strong><ul><li>P\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed b\u011blo\u0161i, je tu i hodn\u011b p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f z&nbsp;Asie. P\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, Mao\u0159i, tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 10% obyvatelstva. Na men\u0161\u00edm Severn\u00edm ostrov\u011b \u017eije asi 3 miliony obyvatel, na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm Ji\u017en\u00edm jen milion.<\/li><li>CIA 2013: b\u011blo\u0161i 71%, Maorov\u00e9 14%, Asiat\u00e9 11%.<\/li><li>V&nbsp;letech 2005 \u2013 2006 zast\u00e1valy v\u0161ech p\u011bt nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00fastavn\u00edch funkc\u00ed pouze \u017eeny! Byly jimi kr\u00e1lovna, guvern\u00e9rka, premi\u00e9rka, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f a p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed pak je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00edc st\u00e1la \u017eena v&nbsp;\u010dele nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed novoz\u00e9landsk\u00e9 firmy, Telecom New Zealand. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e fakt, \u017ee v&nbsp;roce 1893 se Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land stal v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde \u017eeny z\u00edskaly volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Ekonomika<\/strong>: Vysp\u011bl\u00e1 zem\u011b. Chov ovc\u00ed (na vlnu i na maso, oboje se vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed), kiwi (ovoce), jablka.<\/li><li><strong>M\u011bna<\/strong>: novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fd dolar<\/li><li><strong>Nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sporty<\/strong>: jasn\u011b vede ragby, d\u00e1le fotbal a kriket<\/li><li>Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land m\u00e1 z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed v&nbsp;Polyn\u00e9sii \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/niue-divossky-ostrov\/\">Niue<\/a>, Cookovy ostrovy a Tokelau (10 km<sup>2<\/sup>, 1600 obyvatel).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Melan\u00e9sie-(10)\"><strong>Melan\u00e9sie (10)<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>U v\u0161ech \u00fazem\u00ed v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii mus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, zda se jedn\u00e1 o nez\u00e1visl\u00fd st\u00e1t, nebo zde je to z\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a komu pat\u0159\u00ed! Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto mus\u00ed zn\u00e1t jen u vybran\u00fdch zem\u00ed (podtr\u017een\u00e9).&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>N\u00e1zvy hlavn\u00edch m\u011bst jsou \u010dasto sporn\u00e9, p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1m n\u00e1zvy dle CIA 2014.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Melan\u00e9sie = \u201e\u010dern\u00e9 ostrovy\u201c. \u017dije zde \u010dern\u00e9 obyvatelstvo (australoidn\u00ed rasa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Papua-Nov\u00e1 Guinea<\/li><li>\u0160alomounovy ostrovy<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/vanuatu-i-cesta-na-vanuatu\/\">Vanuatu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/fidzi-i-viti-levu\/\">Fid\u017ei<\/a>, (+ \u010d\u00e1st Indon\u00e9sie)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/nova-kaledonie-i-noumea-aneb-zpet-na-vychodni-polokouli\/\">Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie<\/a>&nbsp;(Francie)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ostrov Nov\u00e1 Guinea<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 2. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrov sv\u011bta (772000 km<sup>2<\/sup>). Le\u017e\u00ed na n\u011bm (v Indon\u00e9sii) nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora Oce\u00e1nie&nbsp;<strong>Puncak Jaya<\/strong>&nbsp;(poho\u0159\u00ed Maoke, 4882 m.n.m. \u2013&nbsp;<strong>zn\u00e1t n\u00e1zev hory, v\u00fd\u0161ku jen zaokrouhlen\u011b \u2013 kolem 5000 metr\u016f<\/strong>), co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora sv\u011bta le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na ostrov\u011b. Naho\u0159e je malink\u00fd ledovec. Nov\u00e1 Guinea je nejm\u00e9n\u011b prozkouman\u00e1 obydlen\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011bta. \u017dij\u00ed tu stovky n\u00e1rod\u016f. Na Nov\u00e9 Guinei le\u017e\u00ed dva st\u00e1ty: z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 Indon\u00e9sie (provincie Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Irian \u2013 Irian Jaya), v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st: Papua \u2013 Nov\u00e1 Guinea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Papua-\u2013-Nov\u00e1-Guinea\"><strong>Papua \u2013 Nov\u00e1 Guinea<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 460000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 6.5 milionu&nbsp;(2014),&nbsp;<strong>2. nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t (a rovn\u011b\u017e druh\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t rozlohou) v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii po Austr\u00e1lii!<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Port Moresby<\/strong>&nbsp;(cca 300000 obyvatel)<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie, hlavou st\u00e1tu je britsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna Al\u017eb\u011bta II., zastoupen\u00e1 gener\u00e1ln\u00edm guvern\u00e9rem. Nejchud\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fd st\u00e1t Oce\u00e1nie!<\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk<\/strong>: angli\u010dtina&nbsp;(+ dva dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed jazyky \u2013 Tok Pisin a Hiri Motu) + 836 dal\u0161\u00edch domorod\u00fdch jazyk\u016f (12% sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f v&nbsp;jedn\u00e9 zemi, v\u011bt\u0161inou jazyk\u016f mluv\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1000 obyvatel!).<\/li><li>Ostrov Nov\u00e1 Guinea tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 80% rozlohy st\u00e1tu Papua-Nov\u00e1 Guinea. D\u00e1le k&nbsp;n\u011bmu pat\u0159\u00ed Bismarckovo souostrov\u00ed (Birara \u2013 Nov\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Tombara \u2013 Nov\u00e9 Irsko) + ostrov Bougainville.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0160alomounovy-ostrovy---(anglicky-Solomon-Islands)\"><strong>\u0160alomounovy ostrovy<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(anglicky Solomon Islands)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozl<\/strong><strong>oha<\/strong>: 29000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 600000 obyvatel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(\u010dervenec 2011 \u2013 572000 \u2013 CIA)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Honiara<\/strong>&nbsp;(50000 obyvatel)&nbsp;na ostrov\u011b&nbsp;<strong>Guadalcanal<\/strong>&nbsp;(velk\u00e1 bitva v&nbsp;2.SV).<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie, hlavou st\u00e1tu je britsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna Al\u017eb\u011bta II., zastoupen\u00e1 gener\u00e1ln\u00edm guvern\u00e9rem, fakticky vl\u00e1dne premi\u00e9r.<\/li><li><strong>Nejchud\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Oce\u00e1nie v&nbsp;roce 2013<\/strong>&nbsp;(pramen CIA \u2013 HDP v USD na hlavu, p\u0159epo\u010dteno na paritu kupn\u00ed s\u00edly):<ol><li>Papua Nov\u00e1 Guinea&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2900&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(zhruba \u00farove\u0148 P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a Kambod\u017ei)<\/li><li>\u0160alomounovy ostrovy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3400<\/li><li>Tuvalu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3500<\/li><li>Vanuatu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4800<\/li><li>Fid\u017ei&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4900<\/li><li>\u0160alomounovy ostrovy se v&nbsp;posledn\u00ed dob\u011b hodn\u011b zvedly; v&nbsp;roce 2007 pat\u0159ily mezi 10 nejchud\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta a byly daleko nejchud\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii, m\u011bly HDP jen 600 USD na hlavu.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Vanuatu\"><strong>Vanuatu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 12000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 270000 obyvatel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(CIA \u2013 \u010dervenec 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Port-Vila&nbsp;(asi 40000 obyvatel)<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: Vanuatu je dnes republikou. Angli\u010dtina a francouz\u0161tina jsou \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky, krom\u011b toho je tu bislama (n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jazyk) a 113 domorod\u00fdch jazyk\u016f (ne dialekt\u016f!).<\/li><li>Vanuatu se d\u0159\u00edve jmenovalo Nov\u00e9 Hebridy a bylo to kondominium VB a F. V&nbsp;praxi to znamenalo, \u017ee Britov\u00e9 a Francouzi spravovali ostrovy dohromady a p\u0159itom ka\u017ed\u00fd po sv\u00e9m. Na Nov\u00fdch Hebrid\u00e1ch tedy byly skoro v\u0161echny instituce zdvojen\u00e9: existovala tu dvoj\u00ed policie, dvoj\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, dvoj\u00ed \u0161koly, dvoj\u00ed m\u011bna a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 dva \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky. Nez\u00e1vislost z\u00edskalo Vanuatu v&nbsp;roce 1980.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Fid\u017ei\"><strong>Fid\u017ei<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 18000 km<sup>2<\/sup>. Fid\u017ei se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou velk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/fidzi-i-viti-levu\/\">Viti Levu<\/a>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/fidzi-iii-vanua-levu-a-levuka\/\">Vanua Levu<\/a>&nbsp;+ 300 men\u0161\u00edch ostr\u016fvk\u016f. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi odv\u011btv\u00edmi ekonomiky Fid\u017ei jsou turistick\u00fd ruch a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny.<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 900000 obyvatel&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto: Suva<\/strong>&nbsp;(86000 obyvatel, ale metropolitn\u00ed oblast 326000!)<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: Fid\u017ei je republika v&nbsp;\u010dele s&nbsp;prezidentem, i kdy\u017e maj\u00ed na vlajce Union Jacka a na bankovk\u00e1ch britskou kr\u00e1lovnu. Od roku 2006 je Fid\u017ei vojenskou diktaturou. Parlament byl uzav\u0159en a Fid\u017ei vylou\u010deno&nbsp;z&nbsp;Commonwealthu.<\/li><li><strong>Etnika<\/strong>: Fid\u017eijci (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b Melan\u00e9san\u00e9, sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed s Polyn\u00e9sany) tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 60% obyvatelstva&nbsp;(57%),&nbsp;Indov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 40% obyvatelstva&nbsp;(38.% \u2013 \u010d\u00edsla CIA 2007).<\/li><li><strong>N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/strong>: k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 65% (z toho p\u0159es polovinu je metodist\u016f), hinduist\u00e9 28%, muslimov\u00e9 6%&nbsp;(CIA 2007).<\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky<\/strong>: fid\u017eij\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Nov\u00e1-Kaledonie\"><strong>Nov\u00e1 Kaledonie (Francie)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>R<\/strong><strong>ozloha<\/strong>: 19000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 270000<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/nova-kaledonie-i-noumea-aneb-zpet-na-vychodni-polokouli\/\">Noum\u00e9a<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;(144000 obyvatel \u2013 CIA. p\u0159es polovinu obyvatelstva!)<\/li><li>Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b bohat\u00e1 zem\u011b (bohat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Francie!). V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba niklu (2008 \u2013 5. m\u00edsto na sv\u011bt\u011b, 90% v\u00fdvozu). Brzy (nejd\u0159\u00edve v&nbsp;roce 2014) se asi bude konat referendum o nez\u00e1vislosti na Francii.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Mikron\u00e9sie\"><strong>Mikron\u00e9sie (11)<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mikron\u00e9sie = \u201edrobn\u00e9 ostrovy\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/palau\/\">Palau<\/a><\/li><li>Federativn\u00ed st\u00e1ty Mikron\u00e9sie<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/nauru\/\">Nauru<\/a><\/li><li>Marshallovy ostrovy<\/li><li>Kiribati (jen z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 Gilbertovy ostrovy, ale \u017eije tam skoro v\u0161echno obyvatelstvo).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mariany<\/li><li>Guam (oboje USA)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;Mikron\u00e9sii d\u00e1le le\u017e\u00ed Wake (USA \u2013 v&nbsp;podstat\u011b vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna na jednom mal\u00e9m atolu), kterou nehodl\u00e1m podrobn\u011b zmi\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Palau\"><strong>Palau<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 459 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 20000 obyvatel&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Melekeok&nbsp;(11000 obyvatel)<\/li><li><strong>St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>: Republika. Jeden z&nbsp;nejmlad\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta, nez\u00e1vislost v&nbsp;roce 1994. St\u00e1tn\u00ed rozpo\u010det z&nbsp;90% financuje USA! Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou je USD. Pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd turistick\u00fd ruch&nbsp;(v roce 2007 sem p\u0159ijelo 85000 turist\u016f, tedy 4x v\u00edce, ne\u017e tu \u017eije obyvatel).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Mikron\u00e9sie\"><strong>Mikron\u00e9sie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 702 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 106000&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Palikir<\/li><li>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev st\u00e1tu je&nbsp;<strong>Federativn\u00ed st\u00e1ty Mikron\u00e9sie<\/strong>. Federace se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 za 4 st\u00e1t\u016f. D\u0159\u00edve \u00fazem\u00ed USA \u2192 pomoc USA, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou je tu USD. Jeden z&nbsp;nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f sv\u011bta (dle mo\u0159sk\u00e9 rozlohy, d\u00e9lka zem\u011b je 3200 kilometr\u016f).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Nauru\"><strong>Nauru<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>21 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;(3. nejmen\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t sv\u011bta po Vatik\u00e1nu a Monaku)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 9500&nbsp;(CIA 2014; 2.nejmen\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t sv\u011bta podle po\u010dtu obyvatel\u016f po Vatik\u00e1nu!)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Yaren&nbsp;(4500 obyvatel; n\u00e1zev distriktu) \u2013 faktick\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed ur\u010deno<\/li><li><strong>Nejmen\u0161\u00ed republika<\/strong>&nbsp;(rozlohou i po\u010dtem obyvatel)&nbsp;<strong>na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong>, v&nbsp;\u010dele st\u00e1tu stoj\u00ed prezident. V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eba fosf\u00e1t\u016f&nbsp;(fosf\u00e1ty vzniknou z&nbsp;pta\u010d\u00edho trusu, guana, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b k&nbsp;v\u00fdrob\u011b hnojiv).&nbsp;Nauru le\u017e\u00ed skoro p\u0159esn\u011b na rovn\u00edku. M\u011bnou je australsk\u00fd dolar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Marshallovy-ostrovy\"><strong>Marshallovy ostrovy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 181 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 71000&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Majuro \u2013&nbsp;20000 obyvatel<\/li><li>Nez\u00e1vislost na USA v&nbsp;roce 1992. D\u0159\u00edve zkou\u0161ky jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed \u2013 atoly&nbsp;<strong>Bikini<\/strong>&nbsp;a Eniwetok. Dnes finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc USA, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou je USD. Atol Kwajalein je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, pokud se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 i plocha laguny \u2013 2850 km<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Kiribati\"><strong>Kiribati<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 811 km<sup>2&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/sup>&nbsp;(dle CIA, v&nbsp;atlase je 832 km<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 105000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Tarawa&nbsp;(43000 obyvatel \u2013 CIA 2011)<\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky a obyvatelstvo&nbsp;<\/strong>: kiribat\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina. Drtiv\u011b p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed Mikron\u00e9san\u00e9 (99%!). Ostrov&nbsp;<strong>Kiritimati<\/strong>&nbsp;(V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed ostrov) v&nbsp;ostrovech Line je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm atolem na sv\u011bt\u011b (rozloha 323 km<sup>2<\/sup>). Ohro\u017eeno glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm (sam\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 atoly). Kiriba\u0165an\u00e9 jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci, \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed na lod\u00edch jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Republika. Kiribati nem\u00e1 arm\u00e1du, obranu zaji\u0161\u0165uje Austr\u00e1lie a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land.<\/li><li><strong>Zaj\u00edmavost o Kiribati<\/strong>: Kiribati je jedna z&nbsp;nejmen\u0161\u00edch a sou\u010dasn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 5000 kilometr\u016f (jako USA) ve sm\u011bru v\u00fdchod-z\u00e1pad, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 rozloha 5 milion\u016f km<sup>2&nbsp;<\/sup>(jako p\u016fl Evropy). Je to jedin\u00e1 zem\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed na v\u0161ech 4 polokoul\u00edch (severn\u00ed, ji\u017en\u00ed, z\u00e1padn\u00ed, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed). Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze t\u0159\u00ed skupin ostrov\u016f \u2013 Gilbertovy (zde je hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto a v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatelstva \u2013 Mikron\u00e9sie!!!) a ostrovy Phoenix a Line (ty se \u0159ad\u00ed do Polyn\u00e9sie). D\u0159\u00edve jedin\u00e1 zem\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde byla dv\u011b data! V&nbsp;roce 2000 zm\u011bn\u011bno, zavedena \u010dasov\u00e1 p\u00e1sma +13 a +14 od Greenwiche, dva d\u016fvody: 1)aby nem\u011bli dv\u011b data, 2)aby uv\u00edtali rok 2000 jako prvn\u00ed (a trumfli Tongu).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Severn\u00ed-Mariany\"><strong>Severn\u00ed Mariany (USA)&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2013 Northern Mariana Islands<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 464 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 51000 obyvatel&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Saipan<\/li><li>\u201eSpole\u010denstv\u00ed v&nbsp;politick\u00e9m svazku s&nbsp;USA\u201c&nbsp;(\u201eCommonwealth in political union with the US\u201c). U Marian le\u017e\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>Mariansk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>hloubka 10924 metr\u016f<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 nejhlub\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto sv\u011btov\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Guam\"><strong>Guam (USA)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 544 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 161000&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Agana (Hagatna)<\/li><li>Guam je z&nbsp;fyzickogeografick\u00e9ho hlediska nejji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ostrovem Marian. Je v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed ostrovy Marian dohromady a m\u00e1 i mnohem v\u00edc obyvatel. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak jin\u00fd status ne\u017e Severn\u00ed Mariany, proto\u017ee zde je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna (jedna z&nbsp;nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v&nbsp;Pacifiku). Bohat\u00e1 zem\u011b \u2013 velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy z&nbsp;turistiky + velk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 investice do vojensk\u00e9 infrastruktury. Obyvatel\u00e9 Severn\u00edch Marian i Guamu maj\u00ed americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Polyn\u00e9sie\"><strong>Polyn\u00e9sie (12)<br><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Polyn\u00e9sie = \u201emnoho ostrov\u016f\u201c. Celou oblast Polyn\u00e9sie tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b rovnostrann\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk, jeho\u017e vrcholy tvo\u0159\u00ed Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov, Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy a Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land. Tento troj\u00faheln\u00edk je obrovsk\u00fd. Tak nap\u0159\u00edklad jedna strana troj\u00faheln\u00edku \u2013 vzd\u00e1lenost Honolulu (Hawaii) \u2013 Hanga Roa (Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov) m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 7491 kilometr\u016f (4045 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil), co\u017e je zhruba stejn\u011b jako vzd\u00e1lenost mezi Prahou a Colombem. Polyn\u00e9sk\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 plochu asi 26 milion\u016f km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(10 milion\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil), co\u017e je jen o m\u00e1lo m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je plocha cel\u00e9 Afriky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/samoa-i-ostrov-savaii\/\">Samoa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/tuvalu\/\">Tuvalu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/tonga-i-ostrov-tongatapu\/\">Tonga<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V Polyn\u00e9sii le\u017e\u00ed i st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Kiribati \u2013 Phoenix Islands a Line Islands, kde\u017eto z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 Gilberts Islands \u2013 le\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;Mikron\u00e9sii. Jeliko\u017e ale v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatelstva \u017eije v&nbsp;Mikron\u00e9sii, \u0159ad\u00ed se sp\u00ed\u0161e tam. D\u00e1le le\u017e\u00ed v&nbsp;Polyn\u00e9sii USA (Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy) a Chile (Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov) \u2013 viz \u201ez\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy (p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st USA!)<\/li><li>Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov (p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st Chile!).<\/li><li>Americk\u00e1 Samoa (USA)<\/li><li>F<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/francouzska-polynesie\/\">rancouzsk\u00e1 Polyn\u00e9sie<\/a>&nbsp;(Francie)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/pitcairnovy-ostrovy\/\">Pitcairnovy ostrovy<\/a>&nbsp;(Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed)<\/li><li>Midway (USA)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;Polyn\u00e9sii le\u017e\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zde nebudu popisovat \u2013 Wallis a Futuna (Francie), United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges (\u201eOstrovy USA v&nbsp;Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu\u201c \u2013 celkem 7 ostr\u016fvk\u016f \u010di atol\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Midwaye!) a d\u00e1le z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu (Tokelau,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/niue-divossky-ostrov\/\">Niue<\/a>&nbsp;a Cookovy ostrovy) \u2013 zm\u00edn\u011bno u NZ. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by se tam dal za\u0159adit i australsk\u00fd Norfolk (zm\u00edn\u011bno u Austr\u00e1lie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Samoa\"><strong>Samoa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 2831 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 200000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(197000 \u2013 CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/samoa-ii-apia\/\"><strong>Apia&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a>(35000 obyvatel)<\/li><li>T\u00e9\u017e Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Samoa. Samoa je n\u011bco mezi republikou (sp\u00ed\u0161 republika) a monarchi\u00ed, v&nbsp;\u010dele stoj\u00ed \u201e\u0161\u00e9f st\u00e1tu\u201c, volen\u00fd parlamentem. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zev Samoi = Plaveck\u00e9 ostrovy.<\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky<\/strong>: samoj\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Tuvalu-\"><strong>Tuvalu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 26 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(4. nejmen\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta po Vatik\u00e1nu, Monaku a Nauru).<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 11000&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10782 \u2013 CIA 2014, 3. nejm\u00e9n\u011b lidnat\u00fd st\u00e1t sv\u011bta po Vatik\u00e1nu a Nauru)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Funafuti<\/li><li>Konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie v&nbsp;\u010dele s&nbsp;britskou kr\u00e1lovnou (gener\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9r). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod Tuvalu m\u00e1 nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku 5 m.n.m.! Zem\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00edm oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm. \u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky: tuval\u0161tina, angli\u010dtina. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zdroje p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f: po\u0161tovn\u00ed zn\u00e1mky (nejen pro Tuvalu ale rovn\u011b\u017e pro ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd atol), pron\u00e1jem internetov\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny .tv p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm televizn\u00edm spole\u010dnostem.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Tonga\"><strong>Tonga<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 747 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(dle CIA 2011, v&nbsp;atlase je 649 km<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 100000 obyvatel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(106&nbsp;000 \u2013 CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Nuku\u2019alofa<\/strong><\/li><li>Jedin\u00e1 monarchie (konstitu\u010dn\u00ed) v&nbsp;Oce\u00e1nii, kde nen\u00ed v&nbsp;\u010dele britsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna, n\u00fdbr\u017e vlastn\u00ed panovn\u00edk&nbsp;(nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me-li spornou Samou).&nbsp;\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky: ton\u017e\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina. V&nbsp;roce 2000 zavedli letn\u00ed \u010das, aby jako prvn\u00ed zem\u011b vstoupili do 21. stolet\u00ed (le\u017e\u00ed u datov\u00e9 hranice), nakonec je ale trumflo Kiribati\u2026<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201eZ\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Hawaii\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/o-havaji\/\">Hawaii (Havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy) \u2013 USA<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 17000 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 1.2 milionu<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>Honolulu<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(900000 obyvatel)&nbsp;\u2013 le\u017e\u00ed na ostrov\u011b <strong>Oahu<\/strong>. Slavn\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u017e Waikiki.<\/li><li><strong>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st USA<\/strong>, 50. st\u00e1t USA (\u010dlenstv\u00ed od roku 1959). <\/li><li>Havajsk\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed 8 hlavn\u00edch ostrov\u016f z nih\u017e je 6 p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch<\/li><li><strong>Hawaii<\/strong> neboli <strong>Big Island<\/strong>, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Jsou zde sopky <strong>Mauna Loa<\/strong>&nbsp;(4171 m.n.m. \u2013&nbsp;<strong>nejmohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinn\u00e1 sopka na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong>,&nbsp;jej\u00ed z\u00e1kladna v&nbsp;mo\u0159i m\u00e1 rozm\u011bry 119\u00d785 km) a&nbsp;<strong>Mauna Kea<\/strong>&nbsp;(4205 m.n.m., vyhasl\u00e1 sopka) \u2013&nbsp;<strong>nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hora sv\u011bta co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/li><li><strong>Maui<\/strong> ostrov \u00fadol\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Kahuli, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sopka Haleakala na jej\u00edm\u017e vrcholu je observato\u0159.<\/li><li><strong>Lanai<\/strong> p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve jako ananasov\u00fd ostrov. Dnes je velmi m\u00e1lo na\u0161t\u011bvovan\u00fd a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd<\/li><li><strong>Molokai<\/strong> neboli p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd ostrov je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedot\u010den turistikou a komerc\u00ed. <\/li><li> <strong>Oahu<\/strong> ostrov setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je hlavn\u00edm ostrovem (velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatelstva \u017eije zde). Na Oahu je rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00e1kladna Pearl Harbor.&nbsp; <\/li><li> <strong>Kauai<\/strong> je p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1n pro svou kr\u00e1snou zelenou vegetaci jako ostrov zahrad. Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Lihue. Spole\u010dn\u011b s Maui je to jeden s nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ostrov\u016f. i kdy\u017e porovn\u00e1vat havajsk\u00e9 ostrovy je velmi nevd\u011b\u010dn\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je toti\u017e n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fd a kr\u00e1sn\u00fd.<\/li><li><strong>Kaho&#8217;olawe<\/strong> je nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd a pust\u00fd ostrov bez zdroj\u016f vody. V minulosti byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n americk\u00fdm letectvem jako st\u0159elnice. Dnes zde prob\u00edh\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed sanace od st\u0159eliva a nevybuchl\u00e9 munice. mo\u017en\u00e1 se jednou v budoucnu do\u010dk\u00e1me obydlen\u00ed tohoto ostrova&#8230;.<\/li><li><strong>Ni&#8217;ihau<\/strong> je od roku 1864 v soukrom\u00e9m vlastnictv\u00ed rodiny Robinson. Na ostrov\u011b  \u017eij\u00ed pouze rodil\u00ed havajci a \u017eiv\u00ed se tradi\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se zde tradi\u010dn\u00ed havajsk\u00e9 v\u011bnce Lei z mu\u0161l\u00ed.<\/li><li>Velk\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u011bhovalectv\u00ed z&nbsp;Asie \u2013 dnes zde \u017eije v\u00edce Japonc\u016f ne\u017e Havajc\u016f! Produkce cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny a ananas\u016f, turistika (super na surfov\u00e1n\u00ed). \u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky: angli\u010dtina a havaj\u0161tina. Jedin\u00fd st\u00e1t USA, kde je druh\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk vedle angli\u010dtiny. Havaj\u0161tina m\u00e1 12 p\u00edsmen.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Velikono\u010dn\u00ed-ostrov\"><strong>Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov \u2013 Chile<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 163 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 2200<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Hanga Roa (1600 obyvatel)<\/li><li><strong>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st Chile!<\/strong>&nbsp;Sochy moai (rozpohyboval ing. Pavel Pavel), turistika. 3780 kilometr\u016f od Chile, jedno z&nbsp;nejosam\u011blej\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst sv\u011bta.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Americk\u00e1-Samoa\"><strong>Americk\u00e1 Samoa (USA)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 199 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(CIA 2011)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 55000&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>: Pago Pago&nbsp;(4000 obyvatel)<\/li><li>V\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st souostrov\u00ed Samoa. \u201eVn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c&nbsp;(\u201eunincorporated and unorganized territory of the US\u201c)&nbsp;USA. Je o dost bohat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Samoa, obyvatel\u00e9 maj\u00ed americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Francouzsk\u00e1-Polyn\u00e9sie\"><strong>Francouzsk\u00e1 Polyn\u00e9sie (Francie)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 4167 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(118 ostrov\u016f a atol\u016f \u2013 dle CIA)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 280000&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Papeete<\/strong>&nbsp;(na ostrov\u011b Tahiti&nbsp;\u2013 cca 133000 obyvatel v&nbsp;aglomeraci \u2013 rok 2009 \u2013 CIA).<\/li><li>Francouzsk\u00e1 Polyn\u00e9sie se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze 5 hlavn\u00edch ostrovn\u00edch skupin:<ul><li>Spole\u010densk\u00e9 ostrovy (Tahiti, Moorea,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/bora-bora\/\">Bora Bora<\/a>)<\/li><li>Tuamotu (nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b, atol Mururoa \u2013 atomov\u00e9 bomby)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/skompasem.cz\/gambiery-vstupni-brana-do-francouzske-polynesie\/\">Gambiery<\/a>&nbsp;(sope\u010dn\u00e9)<\/li><li>Mark\u00e9zy<\/li><li>Austr\u00e1ly (Australes)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>\u00da\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky<\/strong>: francouz\u0161tina a tahit\u0161tina. Z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed Francie, m\u011bnou je pacifick\u00fd frank (pevn\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1n na euro). Turistika, chov perel.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Pitcairnovy-ostrovy\"><strong>Pitcairnovy ostrovy (Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 47 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;(CIA 2011)<\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: 48&nbsp;(CIA 2014)<\/li><li><strong>Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>Adamstown<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/strong>. Zem\u011b s&nbsp;nejmen\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem st\u00e1l\u00fdch obyvatel, Adamstown je nejmen\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm \u201em\u011bstem\u201c sv\u011bta. Pitcairnovy ostrovy se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze 4 ostrov\u016f. Jedin\u00fd obydlen\u00fd je Pitcairn&nbsp;(5 km<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;\u2013 neobydlen\u00e9 jsou ostrovy Henderson, Oeno a Ducie).&nbsp;\u017dij\u00ed zde potomci vzbou\u0159enc\u016f z&nbsp;Bounty a jejich tahitsk\u00fdch \u017een. Prodej po\u0161tovn\u00edch zn\u00e1mek. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou je NZ dolar, guvern\u00e9r s\u00eddl\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e na NZ.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Midway-(USA)\"><strong>Midway (USA)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rozloha<\/strong>: 6 km<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><li><strong>Po\u010det obyvatel<\/strong>: cca 40 (ochran\u00e1\u0159i ptactva, nest\u00e1l\u00e9 obyvatelstvo)<\/li><li>Vlastn\u011b pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Havajsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, ale maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fd status. Do roku 1993 zde byla n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladna. Dnes jsou jedin\u00fdmi obyvateli str\u00e1\u017eci zdej\u0161\u00ed pta\u010d\u00ed rezervace. V&nbsp;\u010dervnu 1942 tu byla svedena rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitva druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky mezi USA a Japonskem.<\/li><li>Midway a dal\u0161\u00ed malink\u00e9 americk\u00e9 ostr\u016fvky v&nbsp;Pacifiku dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar s&nbsp;n\u00e1zvem \u201eUnited States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges\u201c. \u0158ad\u00ed se sem ostrovy Baker, Howland, Jarvis, Johnston, Kingman Reef (sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00fates s&nbsp;lagunou a kotvi\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e ostrov), Midway Islands (n\u011bkolik atol\u016f) a Palmyra. Jejich celkov\u00e1 rozloha je 24 km<sup>2<\/sup>, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z&nbsp;nich jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b Midway Islands. St\u00e1l\u00e9 obyvatelstvo zde ne\u017eije, jen 40 p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdc\u016f na Midway a 20 dal\u0161\u00edch ochran\u00e1\u0159\u016f na Palmy\u0159e.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed Oce\u00e1nie, je krapet komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. K lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed je nutn\u00e9&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13623,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13622","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13622"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13710,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13622\/revisions\/13710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alohapatek.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}